This paper describes topological searches for neutral scalar bosons $\rm S^0$ produced in association with a $\rm Z^0$ boson via the Bjorken process $\rm e^+e^-\rightarrow S^0Z^0$ at centre-of-mass energies of 91\,GeV and 183--209\,GeV. These searches are based on studies of the recoil mass spectrum of $\rm Z^0\rightarrow e^+e^-$ and $\mu^+ \mu^-$ events and on a search for $\rm S^0Z^0$ with $\rm Z^0\rightarrow \nu\bar{\nu}$ and $\rm S^0 \rightarrow e^+e^-$ or photons. They cover the decays of the $\rm S^0$ into an arbitrary combination of hadrons, leptons, photons and invisible particles as well as the possibility that it might be stable. No indication for a signal is found in the data and upper limits on the cross-section of the Bjorken process are calculated. Cross-section limits are given in terms of a scale factor $k$ with respect to the Standard Model cross-section for the Higgs-strahlung process $\rm e^+e^-\rightarrow H^0_{SM}Z^0$. These results can be interpreted in general scenarios independently of the decay modes of the $\rm S^0$. The examples considered here are the production of a single new scalar particle with a decay width smaller than the detector mass resolution, and for the first time, two scenarios with continuous mass distributions, due to a single very broad state or several states close in mass.